![]() ![]() The form was original, unexplored, and impossible to analyze precisely. Candela was taking a risk when he built Los Manantiales. An elevation reveals canted parabolic edges, which display its striking thinnessĢ VOL. Los Manantiales is an eight-sided groined vault composed of four intersecting hyperbolic paraboloid saddles. The enduring shell, however, has not lost its majesty. The canals have sunk and the floating gardens have disappeared. 1), and could be reached directly by embarcaderos, long, colorful gondolas that still ferry passengers along the canals of Xochimilco. It sat at the edge of a wide waterway, surrounded by floating gardens (Fig. INTRODUCTION In 1958, Felix Candela completed his most significant work, the Los Manantiales Restaurant shell, in Xochimilco, Mexico City. Keywords: Felix Candela, concrete shell, hyperbolic paraboloid, free edge, creep, shrinkage Figure 1. Analysis results are supplemented by field observations of the shell s current condition, and examinations of archival photos of the shell taken during its construction. The shell s structural action is discussed, and then examined through finite element analysis using SAP software. This report presents a study of such a structure, Felix Candela s Los Manantiales shell in Xochimilco, Mexico City. ![]() SUMMARY Studying landmark works of structural engineering is essential to the advancement of the field and to the continuing education of the engineer. This paper is open for written discussion, which should be submitted to the IASS Secretariat no later than August 27. Wu Professor of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA Editor s Note: Manuscript submitted 9 September 25 revisions received 2 September and 17 November 26 accepted for publication 18 November 26. BILLINGTON 2 1 Former Undergraduate Student, 2 Gordon Y.S. 1 JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR SHELL AND SPATIAL STRUCTURES: IASS FELIX CANDELA, ELEGANCE AND ENDURANCE: AN EXAMINATION OF THE XOCHIMILCO SHELL NOAH BURGER 1 AND DAVID P. ![]()
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